Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) results from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures such as hairs, teeth, nails, sweat glands, craniofacial structures, digits and other parts of the body. More than 200 different syndromes have been identified. It inherits as autosomal dominant or recessive or fresh mutations. Diagnosis is usually clinical with confirmation done by genetic studies. We report a newborn female baby delivered with sparse hair, poor skin pigmentation, dysmorphism, and absence of sweating, clinically diagnosed as ED. Her elder 3-year-old male sibling was a diagnosed case of ED, alive and healthy. Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary approach, and precautions during summer may be helpful in minimizing dehydration episodes and decrease in morbidity and mortality. Antenatal diagnosis is helpful in limiting the birth with ED.

Ophthalmology is an expensive field and imaging is an indispensable modality in ophthalmology; and in developing countries including India, it is not possible for every ophthalmologist to afford slit-lamp photography unit. We here present our experience of slit-lamp photography using digital camera. Good quality pictures of anterior and posterior segment disorders were captured using readily available devices. It can be a used as a good teaching tool for residents learning ophthalmology and can also be a method to document lesions which at many times is necessary for medicolegal purposes. It's a technique which is simple, inexpensive, and has a short learning curve.

Objective: To investigate the causes for retinal artery occlusion and cerebral infarction resulting from cosmetic facial autologous fat injections. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven retrospective, noncomparative cases with artery occlusion caused by facial autologous fat injections were included. Injection sites, basic demographic information (age, sex, and laterality of the involved eyes), best-corrected visual acuities (BVCAs), fundus fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography findings, brain magnetic resonance imaging, and associated ocular and systemic manifestations were collected as study information. Twenty-seven cases were classified according to artery occlusion, which led to blindness and brain infarction, as relationship between blindness and brain infarction may provide clues to help us figure out the process of arterial blockage. Results: Of the 27 cases, 13 patients had ophthalmic artery occlusion (OAO), 6 had central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO), and 3 had branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO). Injection sites were the glabellar area (9 cases), nasolabial area (5 cases), forehead area (4 cases), periocular area (2 cases), nose area and nasal area (2 cases), multiple places (2 cases), and other areas (3 cases). Injection at different injection sites may lead to blindness, which means that emboli went into the blood by different branches of the external carotid artery, and eventually blocked the ophthalmic artery and its branches. Concomitant brain infarction developed in 13 cases with retinal artery occlusion. The high probability of occurrence of cerebral infarction indicated that internal carotid artery could be a flow path of emboli. Conclusion: Cosmetic facial autologous fat injections may cause retinal artery occlusion. Under the pressure of injection, fat emboli go through the terminal artery of face into the ophthalmic artery counter currently. In some cases, retrograde arterial embolism also causes brain infarction. Middle cerebral artery occlusion is closely associated with OAO.

Background and Objective: A smartphone is a cellular phone with an integrated computer that enables it to perform a wide array of tasks in addition to its primary purpose. Technological growth has been paralleled by a similar rise in the capabilities of modern day smartphones. And they have found their way into medical education as well as practice. iOS and Android based phones constitute the bulk of the smartphones. Together with their associated applications (apps), these devices have become an indispensable tool for the medical resident and practicing physician. The aim of this study is to make an objective assessment of the status of smartphones as a learning aid and practice tool among medical residents. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on post-graduate trainees in the largest teaching hospital in Jammu province. The residents were approached in the hospital and requested to fill a pre-formulated questionnaire. 90 residents from different specialities were approached over a period of seven days. Results: 80% of the interviewees said they possessed a smartphone. The percentage was lower in first year trainees and highest in third year trainees. Android and iOS based phones were the devices most commonly used. 90% of those with smartphones said they used it for clinical or academic purposes in the hospital. Conclusion: A fairly large percentage of medical residents own smartphones. Most of them use these for clinical and academic purposes. Online resources and pre-installed apps are the two common resources accessed. There is a need for improving the credibility of online resources, and development of more medical apps for smartphones.

Objective: The aim was to explore image quality and radiation dose in patients with different heart rates in 640-slice volume computed tomography (CT) coronary angiography by using tube voltage of 100 kV. Materials and Methods: The 220 consecutive patients clinically suspected or confirmed of coronary artery disease were divided into three groups: 67 cases in 1 beat group (heart rate <65 bpm); 134 cases in 2 beats group (65 bpm ≤heart rate <80 bpm); 19 cases in 3 beats group (heart rate >80 bpm). When scanning was completed, the best phase for coronary arteries would be chosen. Various postprocessing reconstructions of coronary arteries and branches, such as volume reconstruction (VR), maximum density projection, multiplanar reconstruction, curved surface reconstruction, were used. We classified image quality and made statistical analysis according to 4-grades method. We also compared scalability of coronary arterial segments and radiation doses between the groups. Results: There were no significant differences in the scalability of coronary arterial segments between the groups. Effective radiation doses of the three groups were (2.5±0.8) mSv, (8.4±3.1) mSv and (11.2±3.8)mSv. The radiation doses between the groups showed statistical difference (P < 0.05). Conclusion: 640-slice volume CT can be adapted to changes during heart rate, and ensure the image quality under the condition of 100 kV, and radiation doses were significantly reduced in patients with heart rate <65 bpm.

Objective: To explore the changes of brain structural integrity in patients with posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Patients and Methods: Twenty PTSD patients who underwent a traffic accident and 20 non-PTSD patients were selected from the Department of Rehabilitation, Southwest Hospital of the Third Military Medical University in Chongqing, China, between January 2007 and December 2013. Using voxel-based analysis, we investigated fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) in PTSD patients. Linear correlation analysis was employed to detect the relationship between FA and MD in regions of interest, and to obtain PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version scores. Results: When compared with the non-PTSD group, the FA of PTSD patients significantly decreased in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, right superior frontal gyrus, and left putamen (P < 0.005). The MD of PTSD patients increased mainly in bilateral middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex, left amygdala, left insula, and left globus pallidus (P <0.005). Pearson correlation analysis revealed that the FA value of right middle frontal cortex (MFC) had a significant negative correlation with the PTSD score (r = −0.628, P = 0.039), while the MD value of right MFC and left amygdala had a significant positive correlation with the PTSD score (r = 0.630, P = 0.047; r = 0.632, P = 0.041, respectively). Conclusion: The abnormalities of structural integrity in the amygdala and middle frontal gyrus may be the structural foundation of emotional and memory dysfunction in PTSD.

The development of science and technology not only promotes the development of the society but also has a great influence on the progress of medicine. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technology together with other digital production modes will promote the realization of the third industrial revolution. New 3D equipment and concepts brought a huge leap forward in surgery, and pancreatic surgery also benefits from this. The author has committed himself to the scientific research of 3D pancreatic surgery for decades, and applying 3D visualization technology to the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer, 3D visualization of peripancreatic vessels, resectability evaluation of the pancreatic cancer and prevention of pancreatic fistula. This article presents a new idea on the development of pancreatic surgery and introduces not only the progress in the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic diseases in the era of digital medicine, but also the relative advantages brought about by the new equipment (such as da Vinci robotic surgical system, 3D Laparoscope).

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a developing imaging technique designed to provide relatively low-dose high-spatial-resolution visualization of high-contrast structures in the head and neck and other anatomic areas. It is a vital content of a dental patient's record. A literature review demonstrated that CBCT has been utilized for oral diagnosis, oral and maxillofacial surgery, endodontics, implantology, orthodontics; temporomandibular joint dysfunction, periodontics, and restorative and forensic dentistry. Recently, higher emphasis has been placed on the CBCT expertise, the three-dimensional (3D) images, and virtual models. This literature review showed that the different indications for CBCT are governed by the needs of the specific dental discipline and the type of procedure performed.

With the rapid development of the internet and information technologies, coupled with a variety of digital media, the digital technology has become a conventional method of health education for the general public and has the potential to influence health behaviors. Our aim was to conduct a review of how digital technology projects have been used in the health education and health promotion, as well as the disadvantages and barriers in the process.